国家权力合法性论证与宪政运动

[内容摘要]与具有天生优越性的权利不同，权力却因其公益性常常受到质疑，国家权力由此需要在正当性、合法性层面得到严密论证，才能成为合法的权威而使人们信服。社会契约论作为宪政民主的理论基石，虚拟和抽象地构建了合法权力的渊源、功能及其范围。其与立宪主义、法律实证主义的结合，极大地推动了世界范围内的宪政进程。近代中国宪政运动的发轫有着自身特殊的背景，它更多的受动于制度决定论、立宪强国等民族主义思潮，因而在权力合法性论证上存在诸多缺陷。现代中国宪政运动欲向纵深发展，尚需在蕴涵着丰富的宪政与民主因子的社会契约论中吸取思想养料，从形式合法性和实质合法性两个方面对国家权力进行考量。

[关键词]国家权力合法性社会契约论宪政运动

atract：differingfromthenaturalsuperiorityofrights，thestatepowerisoftendoubtedforitscommonwealattributes.forthisreason，onlythestatepowergetthesufficientjustificationbothofitslegitimacyandlegality，canitbecomeawildlyrecognizedauthority.asthefoundationofdemocraticcotitutionalism，thesocialcontracttheoryhassuositionallyandatractlycotruedtheresource，thefunctionandtheprovinceoflegitimatepower.itsunionwithcotitutionalismandlegalpositivismhasfacilitatedtheworldwidecotitutionalization.thecotitutionalismmovementinmodernchinahasitsownecificbackground.itwasdeeplyaffectedbynationalismthoughtssuchasititutionalismandstrengtheningthestatebycotitutionalism.accordingly，itleftmuchdefectsinthejustificationofthestatepower’slegitimacy.inthecontemporaryera，ifthecotitutionalismmovementwantstogetmoreachievements，itshouldmakeadvantagesfromsocialcontracttheorywhichcontainingmanycotitutionalanddemocraticelements，andprovidethestatepowerwithanall-aroundjustificationofformallegalityandsutantivelegitimacy.

keywords：statepowerlegitimacysocialcontracttheory;cotitutionalismmovement